References
¹ Fea, John. Was America Founded as a Christian Nation? Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2011.
(Used to frame institutional Christian influence, historical memory, and national moral narratives.)
² Emerson, Michael O., and Christian Smith. Divided by Faith: Evangelical Religion and the Problem of Race in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
(Used for analysis of racialized evangelical structures and moral contradictions.)
³ The Holy Bible, New Living Translation (NLT). Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Publishers.
(1 John 3:15 cited directly.)
⁴ Jennings, Willie James. The Christian Imagination: Theology and the Origins of Race. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010.
(Used for critique of theological context excuses and racialized canon formation.)
Martin Luther Sources
⁵ Oberman, Heiko A. Luther: Man Between God and the Devil. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.
(Contextual overview of Luther’s theology and late-life radicalization.)
⁶ Luther, Martin. On the Jews and Their Lies (1543).
In Luther’s Works, Vol. 47, edited by Franklin Sherman. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1971.
(Direct quotations on synagogue destruction and Jewish repression.)
⁷ Luther, Martin.
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On the Ineffable Name and on the Lineage of Christ (1543), in Luther’s Works, Vol. 38.
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Against the Sabbatarians (1538), in Luther’s Works, Vol. 47.
Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1971.
(Used to document sustained antisemitic theology.)
⁸ Kaufmann, Thomas. Luther’s Jews: A Journey into Anti-Semitism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
(Used for historical continuity between Luther and German antisemitism.)
John Calvin Sources
⁹ Calvin, John. Institutes of the Christian Religion (1559). Translated by Henry Beveridge. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 2008.
(Primary theological framework.)
¹⁰ Calvin, John. Commentaries on the Epistle to the Romans. Translated by John Owen. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2009.
(Supersessionist framing of Jewish covenantal rejection.)
¹¹ Nirenberg, David. Anti-Judaism: The Western Tradition. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2013.
(Used to trace theological contempt without explicit violence.)
¹² Goldenberg, David M. The Curse of Ham: Race and Slavery in Early Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003.
(Used for theological justification of slavery tied to Reformed thought.)
Jonathan Edwards Sources
¹³ Edwards, Jonathan. The Miscellanies. Edited by Thomas A. Schafer. New Haven: Yale University Press.
(Primary evidence of Edwards’ views on slavery.)
¹⁴ Haynes, Stephen R. Noah’s Curse: The Biblical Justification of American Slavery. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
(Used to analyze “lawful vs. abusive” slavery logic.)
¹⁵ Edwards, Jonathan. The Nature of True Virtue (1765). New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008.
(Used to show moral hierarchy and submission theology.)
¹⁶ Raboteau, Albert J. Slave Religion: The “Invisible Institution” in the Antebellum South. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
(Used to show Edwards’ influence on pro-slavery preaching.)
Billy Sunday Sources
¹⁷ Sunday, Billy. Billy Sunday Sermons. Compiled from stenographic transcripts and newspaper reports.
University of Iowa Special Collections.
(Primary sermon evidence.)
¹⁸ Wilson, Charles Reagan. Baptized in Blood: The Religion of the Lost Cause, 1865–1920. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1980.
(Used to situate Sunday within Jim Crow theology.)
¹⁹ Du Bois, W. E. B. Black Reconstruction in America. New York: Free Press, 1998 (orig. 1935).
(Context for racialized religious reinforcement.)
Institutional & Political Christianity
²⁰ Whitehead, Andrew L., and Samuel L. Perry. Taking America Back for God: Christian Nationalism in the United States. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020.
(Used for selective moral alignment.)
²¹ Baptist, Edward E. The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism. New York: Basic Books, 2014.
(Used to connect theology and economic exploitation.)
²² Gorski, Philip, and Samuel Perry. The Flag and the Cross: White Christian Nationalism and the Threat to American Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.
(Used for Israel support vs. theological antisemitism contradiction.)
Biblical & Theological Analysis
²³ The Holy Bible, New Living Translation (NLT).
(1 John 3:15 analyzed.)
²⁴ Beale, G. K. The Book of Revelation: A Commentary on the Greek Text. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999.
(Exegetical grounding for Revelation 1:15.)
²⁵ Davis, Joseph R. Copper and Copper Alloys. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 2001.
(Metallurgical explanation of “burnished bronze.”)
Conclusion & Moral Accountability
²⁶ Jennings, Willie James. The Christian Imagination: Theology and the Origins of Race. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010.
(Used for repentance framework and theological reckoning.)